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Admiral Sir James Robert Drummond (15 September 1812 – 7 October 1895) was a Royal Navy officer who commanded several ships in the Black Sea Fleet during the Crimean War and who commanded the Mediterranean Fleet from 1874 to 1877 before going on to be Fourth Naval Lord. ==Naval career== Born the second of the eight children of James Drummond, 8th Viscount Strathallan and Lady Amelia Sophia Drummond (née Murray),〔(The Peerage.Com )〕〔(Drummond family )〕 Drummond joined the Royal Navy on 2 February 1826. He was promoted to lieutenant on 27 December 1832, and to commander on 9 June 1838.〔(James Robert Drummond on-line biography. )〕 As a commander he took command of the 18-gun sailing sloop in the Mediterranean in 1841.〔(HMS Scout )〕 Promoted to captain in 1846,〔 in 1852 he took charge of the 1st-Class wooden paddle-frigate , which had 10-guns and also served in the Mediterranean.〔(HMS Retribution )〕 Under his command the ''Retribution'', which was listed as having 28 guns,〔(Account of Naval Operations in the Russian War )〕 participated in the first bombardment of Sevastapol on 17 October 1854 during the Crimean War. During the bombardment, ''Retribution'' towed or was coupled broadside to the 120-gun sailing line-of-battle ship . Later that year, Drummond was appointed captain of the 31-gun wooden screw-corvette ,〔(HMS Tribune )〕 and the following year to the 2nd rate, 2-decker 90-gun sail line-of-battle ship , both of which ships formed part of the Black Sea Fleet.〔(HMS Albion )〕 In March 1856 he became Captain of , flagship of Vice Admiral George Francis Seymour, Portsmouth,〔(HMS Victory )〕 and in December of that year he was transferred to the 5th-rate 44-gun sailing frigate , for coast guard service.〔(HMS Meander )〕 Drummond was appointed Fourth Naval Lord from March 1858.〔〔 In December 1858 he was appointed as Commodore in , as Commander-in-Chief, Woolwich.〔 ''Fishguard'' was an old 5th-rate 46-gun sailing frigate, which had been hulked in 1847.〔p119 Lyon, David, ''The Sailing Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy – Built, Purchased and Captured – 1688–1850'', pub Conway, 1993. ISBN 0-85177-617-5〕 Captain Drummond was again Fourth Naval Lord from June 1861 to July 1866, and was promoted to rear admiral in January 1864.〔〔(James Robert Drummond on-line biography )〕 He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 24 May 1873, and was promoted to vice admiral on 2 June 1877.〔 He commanded the Mediterranean Fleet from 13 January 1874 to 15 January 1877.〔(Principal Royal Navy Commanders-in-Chief 1830–1899 )〕 His flagship was initially and later .〔 He was promoted to admiral on 22 January 1877 and retired on 16 September 1877, the day after his 65th birthday. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 23 April 1880.〔 In retirement he served as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.〔(Uk Parliament )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Robert Drummond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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